发展微创外科技术方略的探讨

现代微创外科技术是最近20多年发展起来的一个新技术领域,代表了外科的发展方向,为传统外科技术注入了新的活力,具有广阔的发展前景。一个新技术的出现必然面临一系列新的问题,从医院管理的角度出发,对微创外科的发展策略、人才培养、资源配置、医疗安全管理和技术创新进行宏观管理是十分必要的。     

微创外科与人文关怀

微创技术是医疗技术发展的重大进步。“人文关怀”的哲学思想始终贯穿微创外科发展之中,人文关怀的哲学基础是以人为本和人本主义思想。“以人为本”体现在外科治疗过程中“以病人为主体”,促进医务人员主观能动性的发挥,有利于“以人为本”的目的实现。     

Social Categorization Moderates Social Projection

When categorized into social groups, people view members of in-groups, but not members of out-groups, as being similar to themselves. In three experiments, social categorization moderated the spread of social projection in both minimal and value-tagged laboratory groups and regardless of whether individual perceivers judged both groups or only one. The categorization effect tracked changes in the perceiver's group status so that most perceivers projected only to present but not past in-groups. The lack of out-group projection supported an anchoring hypothesis, according to which self-referent information is engaged only when it is considered applicable to the judgment at hand. The induction hypothesis and the differentiation hypothesis, which predicted positive and negative out-group projection, respectively, were not supported. Implications for theories of intergroup perception and bias are discussed.     

Is regulatory focus related to minimal and maximal standards? Depends on how you ask!

Regulatory focus theory suggests that hopes and aspirations (promotion focus) function like maximal goals, whereas duties and responsibilities (prevention focus) function like minimal goals. However, past research has not always reliably found such a link between regulatory focus and maximal–minimal goals or standards. In the present research, we hypothesised that this inconsistency can be explained, at least in part, by conceptual differences resulting in the use of different, specific wording. In four studies, we compared wording in terms of the relative magnitude of the goals to wording in terms of their absolute versus gradual perception. Results showed that regulatory focus (manipulated or measured) consistently relates to maximal versus minimal standards framed as goals of different magnitudes, but not to the goals framed according to an absolute–gradual perception. Implication of the results for regulatory focus research is discussed.     

以腹腔镜手术为代表的微创技术在泌尿外科的应用

随着科学技术的进步,微创医学正在形成和发展。泌尿外科是微创医学最活跃的专业之一。腹腔镜手术已被公认是现代微创外科技术的代表,正逐渐走向成熟,趋于标准化和规范化。目前多种泌尿外科腹腔镜手术已成为首选治疗方法。近年出现的机器人手术、计算机辅助外科与虚拟现实技术被认为是在腹腔镜手术基础上产生的第3代手术,正在走向现实。我们要对微创泌尿外科有一个再认识,更加准确把握微创泌尿外科的适应证,促进微创泌尿外科更加健康地发展。     

中医理念在拇趾外翻临床中的运用

探讨运用中医治病求本、阴阳学说、筋束骨、小夹板纸压垫原理、辨证施治等中医理论,构筑的中西医结合微创技术治疗拇外翻畸形的诊疗体系。从拇外翻畸形的病因、病理、矫形手术、手法复位、生物固定、术后康复等几方面,阐述对拇外翻畸形的新的矫形理念。     

妇科手术微创化趋势的人文思考

妇科患者是一个普遍而又特殊的病患群体,心理敏感细腻,追求外在美及女性特征,要求保护个人隐私,对于人文关怀有更高的要求。微创化妇科手术在最小创伤的基础上,最大程度地解除了患者的痛苦,体现了高度的人文关怀,也暴露出一些问题,值得我们关注和思考。     

辩证地看待微创外科

从理论上认识有关微创外科的一些思想观点和基本原则。用辩证的方法论述微创外科中的主客体以及微创外科与基础理论、传统外科的关系,微创外科中的经济学观点等。微创外科是传统外科学发展的必然结果,它的发展受科学技术和经济及其主客体等自身因素的影响。微创外科具有广阔前景,普及和发展微创外科是我们医学工作者当前的任务。